TM vs SM vs ® — What Do These Symbols Mean?
A plain-language explanation, based on USPTO guidance.
What does TM mean?
TM means "trademark." A business can use TM to indicate that it is claiming a word, name, logo or other designation as a trademark for goods, even if it has not obtained federal registration. According to USPTO guidance, TM can be used even when no application has been filed.
What does SM mean?
SM means "service mark." It works the same way as TM, but is used for marks associated with services rather than physical goods.
What does ® mean?
® means Registered Trademark. It indicates that the trademark has been federally registered with the USPTO.
You should not use the ® symbol merely because you have filed a trademark application. Filing an application does not automatically give you permission to use ®. Generally, the ® symbol is used only after the mark has actually been federally registered.
Quick reference
| Symbol | Meaning | When it can be used |
|---|---|---|
| TM | Trademark (goods) | Any time you're claiming a mark for goods — filed or not |
| SM | Service mark (services) | Any time you're claiming a mark for services — filed or not |
| ® | Registered trademark | Only after the mark is federally registered with the USPTO |
Before registration, a business may use TM for goods or SM for services where appropriate. This information reflects official USPTO guidance on trademark symbols; see the USPTO's trademark basics resources for the primary source.
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